Bio6A: Components of DNA and how traits are carried (Ch. 9 - HOLT)
Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Of
the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines? a. | adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine | b. | adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine | c. | uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine | d. | adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA? a. | nitrogen
base | c. | ribose | b. | phosphate | d. | deoxyribose | | | | |
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3.
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All
of the following are true about the structure of DNA except a. | the long strands
of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix. | b. | every DNA
nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | c. | short strands of
DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. | d. | DNA consists of
two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following is not true about DNA replication? a. | The double
strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated. | b. | The process is
catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens. | c. | It must occur before a cell can
divide. | d. | Two complementary strands are
duplicated. | | |
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5.
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The
attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA a. | is accomplished
by DNA polymerase. | b. | is the responsibility of the complementary DNA
mutagens. | c. | is accomplished only in the presence of
tRNA. | d. | prevents separation of complementary strands of
RNA. | | |
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6.
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During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA
strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will
be a. | CCTAGCT. | c. | GGATCGA. | b. | AAGTATC. | d. | TTGCATG. | | | | |
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7.
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The
part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the a. | sugar. | c. | phosphate
group. | b. | nitrogen base. | d. | None of the above | | | | |
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8.
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Griffith’s transformation experiments a. | were designed to
show the effect of heat on bacteria. | b. | caused harmless bacteria to become
deadly. | c. | changed proteins into DNA. | d. | resulted in DNA
molecules becoming proteins. | | |
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9.
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A
vaccine is a. | a substance that
kills bacteria or viruses. | b. | an antibody. | c. | a harmless
version of a disease-causing microbe. | d. | a plasmid that contains disease-causing
genes. | | |
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10.
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A
nucleotide consists of a. | a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. | b. | a sugar, a protein, and adenine. | c. | a sugar, an
amino acid, and starch. | d. | a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. | | |
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11.
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The
amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of a. | cytosine. | c. | adenine. | b. | thymine. | d. | protein. | | | | |
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12.
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All
of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study
except a. | they destroyed
the DNA of the infected bacteria. | b. | they caused infected bacteria to make many new
viruses. | c. | they injected their DNA into cells. | d. | they consisted
of DNA surrounded by a protein coat. | | |
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13.
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X-ray
diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that a. | DNA and proteins
have the same basic structure. | b. | DNA and RNA are the same molecules. | c. | DNA is composed
of either purines or pyrimidines, but not both. | d. | DNA molecules
are arranged as a tightly coiled helix. | | |
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14.
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Griffith’s experiments showed that a. | heat caused the
harmful and harmless varieties of bacteria to fuse. | b. | dead bacteria
could be brought back to life. | c. | harmful bacteria were hardier than harmless
bacteria. | d. | genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and
living bacteria. | | |
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15.
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Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that a. | DNA and RNA have
the same structure. | b. | thymine forms hydrogen bonds with
cytosine. | c. | DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double
helix. | d. | guanine forms hydrogen bonds with
adenine. | | |
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16.
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The
scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are a. | Mendel and
Griffith. | c. | Avery and
Chargaff. | b. | Hershey and Chase. | d. | Watson and Crick. | | | | |
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17.
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Avery’s experiments showed that transformation a. | causes protein
to become DNA. | b. | is caused by a protein. | c. | is prevented by
protein-destroying enzymes. | d. | is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes. | | |
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18.
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Avery
and his research team concluded that a. | protein bases were the genetic
material. | b. | RNA was the genetic material. | c. | DNA was the
genetic material. | d. | DNA and RNA were found in the human
nucleus. | | |
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19.
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The
enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are a. | replicases. | c. | helicases. | b. | DNA polymerases. | d. | None of the above | | | | |
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20.
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The
entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n) a. | nucleotide. | c. | polysaccharide. | b. | pyrimidine. | d. | amino acid. | | | | |
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21.
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adenine : thymine a. | guanine : cytosine | c. | Watson : Crick | b. | adenine :
DNA | d. | protein :
DNA | | | | |
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22.
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Watson and Crick : DNA a. | Avery : nucleotides | c. | Wilkins and Franklin : DNA | b. | Chargaff : X
rays | d. | Hershey and
Chase : protein | | | | |
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23.
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The
scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNA
was a. | Rosalind
Franklin. | c. | Alfred
Hershey. | b. | Francis Crick. | d. | Oswald Avery. | | | | |
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24.
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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of a. | amino
acids. | c. | fatty
acids. | b. | monosaccharides. | d. | nucleotides. | | | | |
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25.
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Using
radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria, Hershey
and Chase demonstrated without question that a. | bacteria inject their DNA into the cytoplasm of
bacteriophages. | b. | DNA and proteins are actually the same molecules located in
different parts of cells. | c. | DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in
cells. | d. | genes are composed of protein
molecules. | | |
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